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Registros recuperados: 35
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Efecto de genotipo, alimento y tiempo de refrigeración, en la actividad antioxidante y estabilidad oxidativa de lomo crudo de conejo. Colegio de Postgraduados
Velázquez Rodríguez, Sergio Raúl.
Se evaluó la actividad antioxidante (AA) de cuatro alimentos comerciales (1, 2, 3 y 4) en la actividad antioxidante y estabilidad oxidativa (EO) de lomo crudo (Longissimus dorsi) de conejos de tres genotipos (Nueva Zelanda, NZ, California, CAL y NZ*CAL) a tres tiempos de refrigeración (0, 3, y 6 días). La AA de todos los alimentos disminuyó a los 30 días de almacenamiento; sin embargo, el alimento 1 presentó mayor cantidad de antioxidantes (p<0.05). Con todos los genotipos y alimentos, la AA del lomo crudo disminuyó al día 6 de refrigeración. El genotipo NZ*CAL presentó mayor AA con el alimento 1 (p<0.05) y menor con el alimento 3 con respecto al genotipo NZ. Todos los genotipos presentaron un incremento de la oxidación lipídica a partir del día 3...
Palavras-chave: Nutrición; Calidad de carne; Oxidación lipídica; Carne de conejo; Vida de anaquel; Nutrition; Meat quality; Lipid oxidation; Rabbit meat; Shelflife; Ganadería; Maestría.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2040
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Aceite de orégano (Lippia graveolens) como antioxidante en la peroxidación lipídica de la carne de pollos de engorda Colegio de Postgraduados
Zacatula Mier, Heriberto.
En la alimentación humana, la carne es una parte importante de la dieta, representa aproximadamente 11% del total del consumo de alimentos. La carne de pollo, por su alto valor nutrimental, bajo costo y alta disponibilidad, es uno de los productos de origen animal de mayor consumo y aceptación. Lo que ha resultado que a nivel mundial, en los últimos 30 años su producción se haya cuadruplicado, mientras que la de otras especies, como la de cerdo, sólo ha duplicado su volumen (FAO, 2007). En las últimas décadas una parte importante de la investigación en el ámbito de la nutrición animal se ha dirigido a mejorar el valor nutritivo de los alimentos de origen animal, para ofrecer al consumidor un producto de acuerdo a su demanda y necesidades, con...
Tipo: Tesis Palavras-chave: Broiler chickens; Oregano oil; Lipid oxidation; Malondialdehyde; Lippia gravenolus.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1169
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Development of lipid oxidation during manufacturing of horse mackerel surimi ArchiMer
Eymard, Sylvie; Carcouet, Elodie; Rochet, Marie-joelle; Dumay, Justine; Chopin, Christine; Genot, Claude.
When fatty fish are transformed into surimi, lipid oxidation takes place, decreasing the quality of the product. This study was aimed to identify the critical stages of the process in terms of the development of lipid oxidation. Horse mackerels were transformed into surimi on a pilot line and samples taken (hand-skinned fillets = minced fillets, mince, washed and refined minces, paste, surimi and washing water). Most of the lipids were removed during the process and neutral lipids were lost in higher proportion than polar lipids. As a consequence, total lipids of surimi contained more polyunsaturated fatty acids (338 19 g kg(-1)) than total lipids of the minced fillets (220 8 g kg-1). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was higher in the minced...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Process; Fatty fish; Surimi; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Lipid oxidation.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-424.pdf
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Mise en évidence et suivi de l'oxydation des lipides au cours de la conservation et de la transformation du chinchard (Trachurus trachurus) : choix des procédés ArchiMer
Eymard, Sylvie.
Critical steps of the process of horse mackerel surimi manufacturing were identified. This led to propose technical and chemical solutions in order to limit development of lipid oxidation reactions. In this way, analytical methods of lipids and lipid oxidation compounds were adapted to the studied products. A method to determine hydroperoxyde concentrations was developed. The front face fluorescence technique was tested to evaluate the degree of surimi alteration. Lipid oxidation kinetics were determined during horse mackerel storage on ice or at 17°C. The formation of lipid oxidation products was followed during manufacturing and horse mackerel surimi frozen storage. The impact of raw material freshness on the development of lipid oxidation during surimi...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Processing; Conservation; Surimi; Pelagic fish; Lipid oxidation; Lipids; Transformation; Conservation; Surimi; Petits pélagiques; Oxydation des lipides; Lipides.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/these-2.pdf
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Effects of Anthocyanin-rich Colored Potato Flakes on Lipid Oxidation, Instrumental Color Evaluation and Sensory Characteristics in Cooked Pork Sausages OAK
JAYAWARDANA, Barana C.; YANAGIHARA, Maki; HAN, Kyu-Ho; FUKUSHIMA, Michihiro; SEKIKAWA, Mitsuo; SHIMADA, Kenichiro; 韓, 圭鎬; 福島, 道広; 関川, 三男; 島田, 謙一郎.
We investigated lipid oxidation, instrumental color evaluation, and sensory characteristics in cooked pork sausages containing anthocyanin rich colored potato (Solanum tuberosam cv. Shadow Queen) flakes (CPF). According to the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values, addition of 2% CPF suppressed lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) by 80% compared to the control. The antioxidant activity of 2% CPF was comparable to the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (0.1%) in cooked pork sausages. The L, a* values and odor, flavor, taste, texture and overall sensory quality did not significantly differ between control and 2% CPF. Overall, cooked pork sausage with 2% CPF was as acceptable to consumers as the control. Thus, the present study indicated that...
Palavras-chave: Anthocyanin; Colored potato flake; Lipid oxidation; Natural antioxidant; Pork sausage.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3842
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Dietary oxidized poultry offal fat: broiler performance and oxidative stability of thigh meat during chilled storage Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.
Racanicci,AMC; Menten,JFM; Regitano-d'Arce,MAB; Torres,EAFS; Pino,LM; Pedroso,AA.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary oxidized poultry offal fat on the performance of broilers and on the oxidative stability of dark chicken meat. One hundred and sixty male chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal diet containing 4% fresh or oxidized poultry fat from 10 to 47 days of age. Fresh fat was stored frozen until diets were produced, and oxidized fat was obtained by electrical heating (110 to 120 ºC). Birds were slaughtered at 47 days of age, and carcass characteristics were measured. Skinless and deboned thigh meat was stored chilled during 12 days, and samples were periodically collected to assess their quality and oxidative stability. Dietary oxidized fat did not affect bird performance or carcass characteristics....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Lipid oxidation; Meat quality; TBARS; Oxidized fat.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2008000100005
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Antioxidant and bacteriostatic effects of the addition of extract of quillay polyphenols (Quillaja saponaria) in the marinade of broiler chicken Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.
Fellenberg,MA; Espinoza,A; Peña,I; Alarcón,J.
The nutritional and sensorial characteristics of chicken meat can be affected by oxidative rancidity, process of oxidation of lipids in the meat that constitutes one of the main forms of food deterioration. This problem may be prevented or reduced by adding antioxidants to the meat during the process of marination. In the present study, the addition of a polyphenol-rich quillay extract (QLPerm®) at 5 levels (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20%) to the marinade of chicken meat was evaluated. The marinated meat was stored under refrigeration (6 ºC) for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. Basal and induced lipid oxidation was evaluated by TBARS analysis. Microbiological quality was assessed by total coliforms and mesophillic aerobe counts. The application of this natural...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Broiler meat; Lipid oxidation; Marinade; Polyphenols; Quillay.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2011000100011
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Physicochemical Characteristics and Lipid Oxidation of Chicken Inner Fillets Subjected to Different Thermal Processing Types Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.
Arguelo,NN; Garcia,ERM; Ferreira de Lara,JA; Ferraz,ALJ.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of thermal processing on the physiochemical characteristics and lipid oxidation of chicken inner fillets. The study was divided into three assays. In the first assay, 50 chicken inner fillets were divided into five treatments, totaling 10 samples per treatment. Treatments consisted in cooking in water bath, electric oven, microwave oven, deep frying, or grilling. The analyzed variables were: cooking weight loss (CWL) and lipid oxidation determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In the second assay, 50 chicken inner fillets were divided into five treatments, totaling 10 samples per treatment. Each treatment consisted of the same cooking methods applied...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Cooking; Freezing; Myofibrillar fragmentation index; Lipid oxidation; Reheating.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2016000300443
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Effect of Origanum syriacum L. Essential Oil on the Storage Stability of Cooked Chicken Meat Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.
Al-Hijazeen,M.
ABSTRACT The effects of the addition of Origanum syriacum L. essential oil (OE) on the lipid and protein oxidation, and sensory attributes of cooked chicken meat were compared with those of synthetic commercial meat preservatives. Ground deboned and skinless chicken breast and thigh meat were distributed according to six treatments: (T1) control (no addition of meat preservative); or the addition of (T2) 100 ppm OE; (T3) 150 ppm OE; (T4) 300 ppm L-ascorbic acid (E-300); (T5) 5 and 14 ppm butylated hydroxyanisoleadded to breast and thigh meat, respectively, (BHA/E-320); and (T6) 150 ppm sodium nitrite (E-250). Meat samples were cooked and analyzed for lipid oxidation (TBARS levels) and protein oxidation (carbonyl levels) on days 0, 4, and 7 days of storage....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Chicken meat; Lipid oxidation; Oregano essential oil; Sensory attributes.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2019000100314
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Trace Mineral Sources and Rosemary Oil in the Diet of Brown Laying Hens: Egg Quality and Lipid Stability Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.
Batista,NR; Garcia,ERM; Oliveira,CAL; Arguelo,NN; Souza,KMR.
ABSTRACT Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of rosemary oil (RO) and trace mineral sources (MS) on the internal quality and lipid stability of brown layer eggs. The treatments consisted of diets supplemented with two trace mineral sources (inorganic or organic) and three levels (0, 100, or 200 mg kg-1) of rosemary oil (RO), and three egg storage times. Eggs were stored at a controlled temperature (CT; 25.0ºC) in Experiment I and under refrigeration (RT; 5.0ºC) in Experiment II. The following parameters were analyzed on days 0 (fresh), 15 and 30 of storage: malonaldehyde level (MDA), egg weight (EW), Haugh unit (HU), yolk index (YI), albumen and yolk pH, raw yolk color (RYC), and egg weight loss. Data were analyzed according to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Chelated trace minerals; Lipid oxidation; Malonaldehyde; Rosmarinus officinalis; Storage.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2017000400663
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Phytogenic feed additives in piglets challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium R. Bras. Zootec.
Bruno,Daniel Gonçalves; Martins,Simone Maria Massami Kitamura; Parazzi,Larissa José; Afonso,Esther Ramalho; Del Santo,Tácia Antunes; Teixeira,Sergio de Mello Novita; Moreno,Andrea Micke; Moretti,Aníbal de Sant'Anna.
The effects of phytogenic feed additives on piglet performance and fecal score (FDD), as well as on lipid oxidation of pork meat were evaluated. One hundred and twenty crossbred weaned piglets were randomly assigned to six treatments according to a 2 × 3 factorial design with five replicates per treatment. Factors were: challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium at 35 days of age or no challenge, and three different additives (control (CTR), basal diet; phytogenic feed additives (PHY), basal diet plus 2000 ppm of phytogenic feed additives - Rosmarinus officinalis, Mentha piperita, Lippia sidoides and Porophyllum ruderale; and antimicrobial agent (ATB), basal diet plus 100 ppm of tylosin, 2000 ppm of zinc and colistin sulfate, 30 ppm in the pre-starter basal...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Diarrhea; Growth promoter; Lipid oxidation; Performance; Phytogenic compounds; Swine.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982013000200009
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Ractopamine levels on performance, carcass characteristics and quality of pig meat R. Bras. Zootec.
Garbossa,Cesar Augusto Pospissil; Sousa,Raimundo Vicente de; Cantarelli,Vinícius de Souza; Pimenta,Maria Emília de Sousa Gomes; Zangeronimo,Márcio Gilberto; Silveira,Hebert; Kuribayashi,Thiago Hiroshi; Cerqueira,Luis Gustavo dos Santos.
This study evaluated the effect of ractopamine (RAC) on the performance of finishing pigs and the meat quality of these animals. Seventy crossbred pigs (35 barrows and 35 females) selected for high gain of lean meat, with initial weight of 77.1±0.32 kg were distributed in randomized blocks with five treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm RAC in the diet) and seven replications during 28 days. The experimental unit was represented by a male and a female pig. Regarding the performance variables, there was a linear increase in final weight with increasing levels of RAC, as well as in average daily weight gain. An improvement in feed conversion was observed for animals fed RAC, and the optimal level - estimated by the LRP model - was ~ 5 ppm. For feed intake, no...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Β-adrenergic agonist; Lipid oxidation; Meat quality; TBARS.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982013000500004
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Sensory profile of warmed-over flavour in tenderloin from steers supplemented with alpha-tocopherol R. Bras. Zootec.
Lage,Moacir Evandro; Godoy,Helena Teixeira; Bolini,Helena Maria André; Oliveira,Raphael Rocha de; Rezende,Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Prado,Cristiano Sales.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of warmed-over flavour (WOF) in cooked tenderloin and the influence of alpha-tocopherol on its inhibition. A total of 24 animals were confined, 12 of which received 1200 mg/head/day of alpha-tocopherol acetate for 90 days. Longissimus dorsi muscle cuts (tenderloin) were obtained for sensory profile assessment by nine trained tasters. The tasters evaluated the taste of the meat based on four general and 18 specific attributes. The results of the evaluations were analysed with ANOVA, post-hoc tests of the means (Tukey tests), and principal component analysis (PCA). There was no significant difference in the WOF between the cuts of meat from the supplemented and non-supplemented animals....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Antioxidant; Cooking; Lipid oxidation; Rancidity; Storage; Vitamin E.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000800016
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Effect of low or high stress in pre-slaughter handling on pig carcass and meat quality R. Bras. Zootec.
Peres,Louise Manha; Bridi,Ana Maria; Silva,Caio Abércio da; Andreo,Nayara; Tarsitano,Marina Avena; Stivaletti,Evelyn Leticia Tazima.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of low or high stress during pre-slaughter handling of pigs on their carcass and meat quality. Forty-four animals of a commercial lineage, with an average weight of 107.23±5.23 kg, were used. At lairage the animals were randomly divided into two groups, the least and the most stressed. At slaughter, during bleeding, blood samples were collected for later cortisol and lactate tests. Forty-five minutes after slaughter the initial pH of th carcasses was measured and samples of the semitendinosus muscle were collected for R-value calculation. After 24 hours of cooling, the final pH was measured, damage scores were assessed and samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle were collected to evaluate drip...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Carcass damage score; Cortisol; Lactate; Lipid oxidation; PH; R-value.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982014000700363
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Meat characteristics of Nellore steers fed whole cottonseed R. Bras. Zootec.
Costa,Dorival Pereira Borges da; Roça,Roberto de Oliveira; Costa,Quézia Pereira Borges da; Lanna,Dante Pazzanese Duarte; Lima,Erico da Silva; Barros,Wander Miguel de.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of different levels of cottonseed (0, 14.35, 27.51 and 34.09 kg/100 kg) in the diet of Nellore steers on the meat characteristics. Thirty-six steers (average initial body weight of 333.50 and average age of 20 months) were kept in feedlot stalls for 94 days, each stall with three animals. The experiment was a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replications. The values of protein, fixed mineral residue, shear force, lipid oxidation, meat color and fat color were similar among the treatments. The increase of the cottonseed levels in the diet reduced the amount of intramuscular fat and increased the moisture content in the meat linearly. Meat aroma and flavor were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Aroma; Color; Conjugated linoleic acid; Flavor; Lipid oxidation; Shear force.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982013000300006
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Effect of supplementing finishing pigs with different sources of chromium on performance and meat quality R. Bras. Zootec.
Peres,Louise Manha; Bridi,Ana Maria; Silva,Caio Abércio da; Andreo,Nayara; Barata,Cátia Chilanti Pinheiro; Dário,Julie Gabriela Nagi.
The objective was to evaluate the dietary supplementation of different sources of chromium (inorganic: chromium sulfate and chelated: chromium-methionine) during the finishing period of pigs to obtain improvements in the animal performance, and carcass and meat quality. The statistical design was randomized blocks, where 44 barrows, with an initial weight 60.49±5.12 kg, were divided into four blocks (heavier, heavy, light and lighter) according to initial weight. The experimental diets were isoenergetic and isonutrient, except for the chromium level. The treatments were divided as follows: control (without chromium), control + 200 ppb of inorganic chromium (chromium sulfate), and control + 200 ppb of chelated chromium (chromium-methionine). In the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Chromium-methionine; Daily weight gain; Feed conversion ratio; Glucose; Inorganic chromium; Lipid oxidation.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982014000700369
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Stability of snacks made with minced Nile tilapia stored at room temperature Rev. Ciênc. Agron.
Cortez Netto,João de Paula; Oliveira Filho,Paulo Roberto Campagnoli de; Lapa-Guimarães,Judite; Viegas,Elisabete Maria Macedo.
ABSTRACT Minced fish can be used in the preparation of fish products, despite being very susceptible to lipid oxidation and microbial growth. Fish snacks are widely appreciated in Asian countries, but still little studied in Brazil. Thus, the aim of this study was to produce snacks containing 20, 30, and 40% minced fish of Nile tilapia filleting waste and evaluate their stability at time zero and throughout 15, 30, and 45 days of storage at room temperature (25 ºC) by physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characterization. The inclusion of minced fish decreased (P <0.05) the volatile nitrogenous base levels (0.71 to 0.56 mg N.100g-1) and increased pH (5.45 to 5.90) of the snacks. An increase (P <0.05) in lipid oxidation (1.10 to 2.03 mg....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Shelf life; Fish snack; Preservation; Lipid oxidation.
Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-66902020000100405
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Natural colorants improved the physicochemical and sensorial properties of frozen Brazilian sausage (linguiça) with reduced nitrite Scientia Agricola
Bellucci,Elisa Rafaela Bonadio; Barretto,Tiago Luís; Rodriguez,José Manuel Lorenzo; Bis-Souza,Camila Vespúcio; Barba,Francisco Jose; Barretto,Andrea Carla da Silva.
ABSTRACT: The use of natural colorants in meat products can keep its coloring attractive as well as meet the demand from consumers interested in products that are healthier. Nitrite is added as a preservative to these products and it is also a precursor of the generation of a specifically desired color in meat products. However, its use has been associated with the development of certain kinds of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced levels of nitrite in Brazilian sausage (linguiça) with natural colorants on the physicochemical and sensorial properties following frozen storage. Nine treatments were tested: 0.015 % nitrite (C150), 0.0075 % nitrite (C75) and 0 % nitrite (C0), 0.0075 % nitrite and 1.5 % microencapsulated...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Betalain; Sensory evaluation; Cochineal carmine; Lipid oxidation.
Ano: 2021 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162021000300902
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Quality of sausage elaborated using minced Nile Tilapia submmitted to cold storage Scientia Agricola
Oliveira Filho,Paulo Roberto Campagnoli de; Fávaro-Trindade,Carmen Sílvia; Trindade,Marco Antônio; Balieiro,Júlio Cesar de Carvalho; Viegas,Elisabete Maria Macedo.
Filleting yield of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) is low (30%) and generates large amount of wastes that may turn into environmental and economic problem. However, these wastes can be used for the extraction of minced fish (MF) which can be used in the preparation of sausages. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of sausages prepared with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of MF from Nile tilapia filleting waste during storage at 0±0.3ºC. Alterations in the instrumental color (L*, a* and b*), lipid oxidation (TBARS), total volatile nitrogenous bases (TVB-N), pH, microbiological condition (pathogenic bacteria and aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria), and sensory attributes (color, odor, flavor, texture and overall acceptability) were evaluated...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Fish sausage; Lipid oxidation; Filleting waste; Shelf-life; Sensory acceptability.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162010000200009
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Influence of animal fat substitution by vegetal fat on Mortadella-type products formulated with different hydrocolloids Scientia Agricola
Saldaña,Erick; Lemos,Ana Lúcia da Silva Corrêa; Selani,Miriam Mabel; Spada,Fernanda Papa; Almeida,Marcio Aurélio de; Contreras-Castillo,Carmen Josefina.
Meat has played a crucial role in human evolution and is an important component of a healthy and well-balanced diet on account of its nutritional properties, its high biological value as a source of protein, and the vitamins and minerals it supplies. We studied the effects of animal fat reduction and substitution by hydrogenated vegetal fat, sodium alginate and guar gum. Fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation, color and instrumental texture as well as the sensorial difference between low, substituted-fat and the traditional formulations for mortadella-type products were analyzed. Both substitution and reduction of animal fat decreased the saturated fatty acids percentage from 40% down to 31%. A texture profile analysis showed differences between the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Lipid profile; Lipid oxidation; Fat-replacers; Fat vegetal; Texture.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162015000600495
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